shiva::ecs

In this page you will find all the information you need on the ecs part of shiva, the api of the different classes, the game loop architecture.

How do the system works ?

Systems

Shiva has 3 different kinds of systems:

• PreUpdate: These systems are the first to be updated in the game loop, they are generally used to retrieve user input, or manage network events for example.

• LogicUpdate: These systems are the second to be updated in the game loop, they are generally used for game logic such as movement or collisions for example.

• PostUpdate: These systems are the last to be updated in the game loop, they are generally used for rendering or interpolation for example.

The pseudo code look like this:

function update()
{
  user defined;
}

function update_systems_type(system_type)
{
  for_each_systems;
  call update();
}

function update_systems() 
{
  call update_systems_type(pre_logic);
  while (frame_rate) {
    call update_systems_type(logic);
  }
  call update_systems_type(post_logic);
  return nb_systems_updated
}

GameLoop;
while (game_running) {
  call update_systems
}
return game_return_value;

This game loop is based on the gafferon on games tutorial: Fix your timestep.

Diagram

complete diagram

simple diagram

system_type

Description

This file contains an enum representing the different types of systems presented previously, and three strong types, later used in template parameter by the system class.

system_type API

Enum

enum system_type
{
  pre_update = 0,
  logic_update = 1,
  post_update = 2,
  size = 3,
};

Typedefs

using system_pre_update = NamedType<system_type,struct system_pre_update_tag>;
using system_post_update = NamedType<system_type, struct system_post_update_tag>;
using system_logic_update = NamedType<system_type, struct system_logic_update_tag>;

system_manager

Description

This class manage the systems of the entity component system. You are able to add, remove, retrieve , update or delete systems through it.

Diagram

system_manager

system_manager API

Signature

class system_manager;

Constructor

explicit system_manager(entt::dispatcher &dispatcher,
                        entt::entity_registry &registry,
                        plugins_registry_t &plugins_registry) noexcept;

Parameters

• entt::dispatcher The dispatcher will be provided to the system when it is created.

• entt::entity_registry The entity_registry will be provided to the system when it is created.

• ​plugins_registry registry of the plugged systems

Functions

Function Name	Description
update	update the systems
get_system	get a single system
get_systems	get multiple systems
has_system	check if a system is present
has_systems	check if multiple systems are present
mark_system	mark a single system
mark_systems	mark multiple systems
enable_system	enable a single system
enable_systems	enable multiple systems
disable_system	disable a single system
disable_systems	disable multiple systems
create_system	create a single system
load_systems	create multiple systems
nb_systems	get the number of systems
load_plugins	load plugins and add it as systems
get_system_by_name	get a single system by his name

update

size_t update() noexcept

Return value

Possible Name	Description
nb_systems_updated	size_t number of systems successfully updated

Example

size_t nb_systems_updated = system_manager.update();
if (nb_systems_updated != 5) {
    /* Oh no, i was expected 5 systems to be executed in this game loop tick */
}

Notes

This is the function that updates your systems. Based on the logic of the different kinds of shiva systems, this function take care of updating your systems in the right order.

If you have not loaded any system into the system_manager the function return 0.

If you decide to mark a system, it will be automatically deleted at the next loop tick through this function.

get_system

template <typename TSystem>
const TSystem &get_system() const noexcept;

template <typename TSystem>
TSystem &get_system() noexcept;

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the type of system to get

Return value

Possible name	Description
render_system, log_system	TSystem & a reference to the system obtained const TSystem & a const reference to the system obtained

Example

//! Non const version
auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<game::render_system>();

//! const version
const auto& log_system = system_manager.get_system<game::log_system>();

get_systems

template <typename ...TSystems>
std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<TSystems>...> get_systems() noexcept;

template <typename ...TSystems>
std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<std::add_const_t<TSystems>>...> get_systems() const noexcept;

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems to get

Return value

Possible name	Description
tuple_systems, [system_foo, system_bar]	Tuple<TSystems &> Tuple of systems obtained. Tuple<const TSystems &> Tuple of systems obtained (const ref)

Example

// Called from a const context
auto[system_foo, system_bar] = system_manager.get_systems<system_foo, system_bar>();

// Called from a non const context
auto[system_foo_nc, system_bar_nc] = system_manager.get_systems<system_foo, system_bar>();

// Get it as a tuple
auto tuple_systems = system_manager.get_systems<system_foo, system_bar>();

This function recursively calls the get_system function

has_system

template <typename TSystem>
bool has_system() const noexcept;

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the system that needs to be verified

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system has been loaded false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.has_system<my_game::render_system>();
if (!result) {
    //! Oh no, i don't have a rendering system.
}

has_systems

template <typename ... TSystems>
bool has_systems() const noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems that needs to be verified

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the list of systems has been loaded false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.has_systems<my_game::render_system,
                                         my_game::audio_system>();

if (!result) {
  //! Oh no, atleast one of the systems is not present
}

This function recursively calls the has_system function

mark_system

 template <typename TSystem>
 bool mark_system() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the system that needs to be marked

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system has been marked false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.mark_system<my_game::render>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no the system has not been marked.
    //! Did you mark a system that is not present in the system_manager?
}

This function marks a system that will be destroyed at the next tick of the game loop.

mark_systems

 template <typename ... TSystems>
 bool mark_systems() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems that needs to be marked

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the list of systems has been marked false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.mark_systems<my_game::render, my_game::audio>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no, atleast one of the system has not been marked.
}

This function recursively calls the mark_system function

enable_system

template <typename TSystem>
bool enable_system() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the system that needs to be enabled

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system has been enabled false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.enable_system<my_game::render>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no, this system cannot be enabled.
    //! Did you enable a system that is not present in the system_manager?
}

by default, a system is enabled.

enable_systems

template <typename ... TSystems>
bool enable_systems() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems that needs to be enabled

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the list of systems has been enabled false otherwise

bool result = system_manager.enable_systems<my_game::render, my_game::audio>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no, atleast one of the requested systems cannot be enabled.
}

This function recursively calls the enable_system function

disable_system

 template <typename TSystem>
 bool disable_system() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the system that needs to be disabled

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the the system has been disabled false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.disable_system<my_game::render>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no the system_manager cannot disable this system.
}

If you deactivate a system, it will not be destroyed but simply ignore during the game loop

disable_systems

 template <typename ... TSystems>
 bool disable_systems() noexcept

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems that needs to be disabled

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the list of systems has been disabled false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.disable_systems<my_game::render, my_game::audio>();

if (!result) {
    //! Oh no, atleast one of the requested systems cannot be disabled.
}

This function recursively calls the disable_system function

create_system

template <typename TSystem, typename ... TSystemArgs>
TSystem &create_system(TSystemArgs &&...args)

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystem	TSystem represents the type of system to create
args	TSystemArgs represents the arguments needed to construct the system to create

Return value

Possible name	Description
render_system	TSystem & a reference to the created system

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.create_system<my_game::render>(/* args */);

load_systems

template <typename ...TSystems>
std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<TSystems>...> load_systems() noexcept;

Template parameters

Name	Description
TSystems	TSystems represents a list of systems to be loaded

Return value

Possible name	Description
tuple_systems, [system_foo, system_bar]	Tuple<TSystem &> Tuple of systems loaded.

Example

// Tuple packed
auto tuple_systems = system_manager.load_systems<system_foo, system_bar>();

// Tuple unpacked
auto [system_foo, system_bar] = system_manager.load_systems<system_foo, system_bar>();

nb_systems

size_t nb_systems() const noexcept;

size_t nb_systems(system_type sys_type) const noexcept;

Parameters

Name	Description
sys_type	system_type represent the type of systems

Return value

Possible name	Description
nb_systems	size_t (first overload) number of systems (second overload) number of systems of a specific type

Example

//! Retrieve the number of systems.
size_t nb_systems = system_manager.nb_systems();

//! Retrieve the number of systems by a specific system_type.
size_t nb_systems_logic = system_manager.nb_systems(shiva::ecs::system_type::logic_update);

load_plugins

bool load_plugins() noexcept;

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if all the plugins has been successfully loaded false otherwise

Example

bool result = system_manager.load_plugins();

if (!result) {
    // Oh no, atleast one of the plugins could not be loaded.
}

Notes

This function allow you to load the plugins of the plugins_registry and create systems with the creator function of each plugins.

get_system_by_name

const base_system *get_system_by_name(std::string system_name,
                                      shiva::ecs::system_type type) const noexcept;
                                      
base_system *get_system_by_name(std::string system_name,
                                shiva::ecs::system_type type) noexcept;

Parameters

Name	Description
system_name	string name of the system to get
type	system_type system_type of the system to get

Return value

Possible name	Description
render_system	base_system * pointer to the base system which match this name, nullptr otherwise.

Example

base_system* render_system = system_manager.get_system_by_name("render_system", shiva::ecs::system_type::post_update);
if (render_system == nullptr) {
    //! Oh no, could not get the system properly.
}

Notes

• This function allow you to get a system by his name, used for get a specific plugin for example.

base_system

This class is an abstract class, it is documented but is present only to make type-erasure of the class system which is templated

This class can be manipulated when using plugins to share data between them.

Description

base class of shiva systems

Diagram

base_system

base_system API

Signature

class base_system;

Constructor

explicit base_system(entt::dispatcher &dispatcher,
                     entt::entity_registry &entity_registry,
                     const float &fixed_delta_time) noexcept

Functions

Function Name	Description
update	Pure virtual function, must be overriden by the client. update the system.
get_name	Pure virtual function, must be overriden by the client. get the system name.
get_system_type_RTTI	Pure virtual function, override by the system class. get the system type at runtime (for plugins).
mark	mark the system
unmark	unmark the system
is_marked	check if the system is marked.
enable	enable the system
disable	disable the system
is_enabled	check if the system is enabled.
im_a_plugin	defines the system as a plugin.
is_a_plugin	check if the system is a plugin.
get_user_data	retrieve a user data previously set by set_user_data
set_user_data	set a user data for the system

mark

void mark() noexcept

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
render_system.mark();

This function marks the system, it will be destroyed in the next tick of the game loop by the system_manager.

unmark

void unmark() noexcept

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
render_system.unmark();

This function unmark the system, allows the prevention of a destruction in the next tick of the game loop by the system_manager.

is_marked

bool is_marked() const noexcept

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system is marked false otherwise

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
bool result = render_system.is_marked();

if (!result) {
    //! render_system is not marked
}

enable

void enable() noexcept

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
render_system.enable();

disable

void disable() noexcept

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
render_system.disable();

Take a look @ disable_system

is_enabled

bool is_enabled() const noexcept

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system is enabled false otherwise

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
bool result = render_system.is_enabled();

if (!result) {
    //! render_system is not enable
}

im_a_plugin

void im_a_plugin() noexcept

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
render_system.im_a_plugin();

This function defines the system as a plugin, and therefore use more feature in runtime to work properly

By default this function is called on plugins.

is_a_plugin

bool is_a_plugin() const noexcept

Return value

Possible name	Description
result	boolean true if the system is a plugin false otherwise

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
bool result = render_system.is_a_plugin();

if (!result) {
    //! render_system is not a plugin
}

get_user_data

void *get_user_data() noexcept;

Return value

Possible name	Description
data	void * user data of a system (nullptr by default)

Example

auto render_system = system_manager_.get_system_by_name("render_system", shiva::ecs::system_type::post_update);
auto input_system = system_manager_.get_system_by_name("input_system", shiva::ecs::system_type::pre_update);
input_system->set_user_data(render_system->get_user_data());

• This function retrieve a user data previously set by set_user_data
• by default a user_data is a void pointer equal to nullptr.

set_user_data

void set_user_data(void *data) noexcept;

Parameters

Name	Description
data	void * a void pointer representing the user data

Example

See the example above.

• This function set a user data for this system

• This function is very useful to transfer (with get_user_data) data between plugins since they are base_class.
• This function wcall on_set_user_data callback at the epilogue, by default on_set_user_data is empty and you need to override it if you need it.

• user should be aware here, that's manipulating void pointer is as your own risk.

system

Description

This class is the class that you have to inherit to create your systems

Diagram

system

system API

Signature

template <typename TSystemDerived, typename TSystemType>
class system : public base_system;

Template Parameters

• TSystemDerived CRTP implementation of the system

• TSystemType Strong type representing the system_type of the implemented system

• This class is the class you will have to inherit to create your systems

Constructor

 template <typename ...Args>
 explicit system(Args &&...args) noexcept // *1
 
 system(shiva::entt::dispatcher &dispatcher,
               shiva::entt::entity_registry &entity_registry,
               const float &fixed_delta_time,
               std::string class_name) // *2

(1) This constructor simply forward its arguments to base_system.

(2) This constructor is use for scripting.

Functions

Function Name	Description
update	Pure virtual function, must be overriden by the client. update the system.
get_system_type	get the system type at compile time
get_system_type_RTTI	get the system type at runtime
get_name	get the system name.

Typedefs

template <typename TSystemDerived>
using logic_update_system = system<TSystemDerived, system_logic_update>;

template <typename TSystemDerived>
using pre_update_system = system<TSystemDerived, system_pre_update>;

template <typename TSystemDerived>
using post_update_system = system<TSystemDerived, system_post_update>;

Usage

class system_implementation : public logic_update_system<system_implementation>
{
};

get_system_type

static constexpr system_type get_system_type() noexcept

Return value

Possible name	Description
sys_type	system_type system_type of the derived system.

Example

auto sys_type = shiva::lua_system::get_system_type();

if (sys_type == shiva::ecs::system_type::logic_update) {
    //! Do things.
}

auto render_system = system_manager_.get_system_by_name("render_system", shiva::ecs::system_type::post_update);
sys_type = render_system.get_system_type_RTTI();

if (sys_type == shiva::ecs::system_type::post_update) {
    //! Do things.
}

get_system_type_RTTI

system_type get_system_type_RTTI() const noexcept final

Return value

Possible name	Description
sys_type	system_type system_type of the derived system.

Example

See the example above.

get_name

const std::string &get_name() const noexcept final

Return value

Possible name	Description
sys_name	string name of the derived system.

Example

auto& render_system = system_manager.get_system<my_game::render>();
const auto& sys_name = render_system.get_name();
assert(sys_name == "render_system");